Maps and Other Resources

The Northern Paiute territory is under number 10.

NOTE: The locations of tribes and bands as shown in the map above are approximate. The spelling of the names of bands also differs according to various sources.

Map source: Pacific University

Alvord, Benjamin (1813-1884) — Commander of the Military District of Oregon from 1862-1865. Veteran of the Mexican-American War. Alvord oversaw the opening campaigns of the Snake War.

Applegate, Lindsay (1808-1892) — Oregon pioneer, farmer, politician, and trailblazer. Sub-agent for the Klamath Agency. Uncle to J.W. Perit Huntington.

Crook, George (1828-1890) — Graduate of West Point. Participated in the wars against Native tribes in California and the Northwest prior to the Civil War. During the Civil War, he served in both the western and eastern theaters. Later became commander of the District of the Lakes and commander of the Department of the Columbia during the final phase of the Snake War. His strategy and campaigns forced the Northern Paiutes to surrender to him in 1868.

Curry, George L. (1820-1878) — Governor of Oregon Territory from 1854-1859. Unsuccessfully Tried to call up Oregon militia to attack Paiutes and neighboring tribes in the wake of the Ward Massacre.

Drake, John M. (1830-1913) — Officer in Civil War cavalry and infantry units from Oregon during the Snake War. Participated in several fights against Northern Paiutes.

Drew, Charles S. (1825-1886) — Quartermaster of the Oregon territorial militia. Participated in the Rogue River Wars of the 1850s. Later served as an officer in the 1st Oregon Cavalry. Established Fort Klamath in 1863. Numerous locations now bear his name in Lake County, Oregon.

Fremont, John C. (1813-1890) — Army officer and explorer. Scouted much of the western United States, including a swath of Northern Paiute territory. He was the army officer to enter Northern Paiute territory in Oregon.

Gilliss, Julia (1843-1926) — Wife of quartermaster of the District of the Lakes. She lived at Camp Warner for a time and was present for the surrender in 1868.

Grant, Johnny (1831-1907) — Mountaineer, trader, and rancher in Idaho and Montana. He took part in the punitive expeditions against the Natives in the aftermath of the Ward Massacre.

Halleck, Henry (1815-1872) — Former General-in-Chief during the Civil War. Later served as the commander of the Division of the Pacific from 1865-1869.

Howluck — Also known as Bigfoot, Oualuck, or Oulux. Not much is known of him, but he became a kind of boogeyman for the Euro-American settlers of Idaho and Oregon.

Huntington, J.W. Perit (1831-1869) — Prospector, farmer, and politician. Served as the Oregon Superitendent of Indian Affairs from 1862-1869. Married the niece of Lindsay Applegate.

Lakeview John — Also known as Indian John. Longtime Northern Paiute resident near Lakeview, Oregon. Probably a sub-chief in the tribe after the end of the Snake War May have lived to 100 years old.

Maggie — Wife of Lakeview John.

McKay, William C. (1824-1893) — Physician and leader of the Warm Springs contingent during the Snake War. He was half-Native.

Meacham, Alfred B. (1826-1882) — Successor to J.W. Perit Huntington as Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Visited the Malheur agency in 1869. Achieved fame after surviving a Modoc attack in 1873.

Mix, Charles E. (1810-1878) — Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1858. Also served as chief secretary of the Bureau of Indian affairs from 1838 to 1868.

Ochoco — Northern Paiute chief who surrendered to Crook in 1868. Signed Huntington’s 1868 treaty, and relocated to Klamath Agency. Later moved to Camp Warner and Fort Bidwell, where he died.

Oytes — Northern Paiute sub-chief who signed Huntington’s 1868 treaty. Leader among Paiutes at Malheur Agency before the Bannock war of 1878.

Parnell, William (1836-1910) — Irish soldier of fortune, Crimean War and Civil War veteran. Survivor of the infamous “Charge of the Light Brigade.” Rode with Crook during the 1867-1868 campaigns.

Paulina — War chief of the Northern Paiutes in Oregon. Brother of Weahwewa. Signer of Huntington’s 1865 treaty. Killed by ranchers in 1867.

Rinehart, William V. (1835-1918) — Officer in Oregon volunteer cavalry and infantry. Former commander at Fort Klamath. Served as Indian agent over the Malheur Agency. His dishonest actions led in part to the participation of Paiutes in the Bannock War of 1878.

Small, John F. (1840-1869) — Officer stationed at Fort Klamath. Engaged in brutal warfare against the Northern Paiutes in the Abert, Silver, and Summer Lakes in Oregon. Later committed suicide in San Francisco.

Smoke Creek Jim — Northern Paiute chief who participated in raids in the Surprise Valley. He was killed in 1866 during a massacre in Guano Valley on the Oregon/Nevada state line.

Steele, Frederick (1819-1868) — Mexican-American War and Civil War veteran. Commander of the Military Department of the Columbia from 1865 to late 1867.

Wasson, Joseph (1839-1883) — Newspaper editor of the Owyhee Avalanche during the Snake War. He rode with Crook during the 1867 campaigns. Later served as a member of the California state assembly. Died while serving as the U.S. consul in San Blas, Mexico.

Weahwewa — Brother of Paulina. Principle chief of the Northern Paiute in Oregon. Surrendered to Crook at Camp Harney in 1868.

Winnemucca — Primary chief in northern Nevada. Father of Sarah Winnemucca.

Winnmucca, Sarah (Abt. 1844-1891) — Daughter of Winnemucca. Served as interpreter at the Malheur agency.

Woods, George L. (1832-1890) — Governor of Oregon from 1866 to 1870. Advocated arming rival tribes to hunt down and exterminate Northern Paiutes.

Wool, John E. (1784-1869) — Commander of the Military Department of the Pacific during the time of the Ward Massacre. He was known for sympathizing with the Natives in their conflicts with the whites, making him unpopular among the Euro-American settlers.

Wright, George (1803-1865) — Commander of the Military Department of the Pacific during the opening of the Snake War. Known for his brutality against Natives, especially during the Plateau Wars. Died when Brother Jonathan sank in 1865.